Za masamba a turbine

Tsamba ndi gawo lofunikira la turbine ya nthunzi komanso imodzi mwazinthu zosalimba komanso zofunika kwambiri.Imakhala ndi zotsatira zophatikiza za kutentha kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu yapakati, mphamvu ya nthunzi, mphamvu yosangalatsa ya nthunzi, dzimbiri ndi kugwedezeka komanso kukokoloka kwa madontho amadzi m'malo onyowa a nthunzi pansi pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.Kuchita kwake kwa aerodynamic, kukonza geometry, kuuma kwapamtunda, chilolezo choyika, magwiridwe antchito, makulitsidwe ndi zinthu zina zonse zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi kutulutsa kwa turbine;Kapangidwe kake, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito zimakhudza kwambiri chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa unit.Chifukwa chake, magulu opanga otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ayesetsa mosalekeza kuti agwiritse ntchito zopambana kwambiri zasayansi ndiukadaulo pakupanga masamba atsopano, ndikuyambitsa masamba atsopano okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kuti ateteze malo awo apamwamba pantchito ya turbine. kupanga.

Kuchokera mu 1986 mpaka 1997, makampani amphamvu aku China akhala akutukuka mosalekeza komanso pa liwiro lalikulu, ndipo makina opangira magetsi akuzindikira chizindikiro chachikulu komanso mphamvu yayikulu.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pofika kumapeto kwa 1997, mphamvu yoyika ma turbines a nthunzi kuphatikiza mphamvu yamafuta ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya idafika pa 192 GW, kuphatikiza mayunitsi 128 amafuta a 250-300 MW, mayunitsi 29 320.0-362.5 MW ndi mayunitsi 17 500-660mw. ;Mayunitsi a 200 MW ndi pansi adakulanso kwambiri, kuphatikiza mayunitsi 188 a 200-210 MW, mayunitsi 123 a 110-125 MW ndi mayunitsi 141 a 100 MW.Mphamvu yayikulu ya turbine ya nyukiliya ndi 900MW.

Ndi mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ku China, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa masamba komanso kukonza bwino kwawo kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.Kwa mayunitsi a 300 MW ndi 600 MW, magetsi osinthidwa ndi tsamba lililonse amakhala okwera mpaka 10 MW kapena 20 MW.Ngakhale tsambalo litawonongeka pang'ono, kuchepetsedwa kwachuma chamafuta ndi kudalirika kwachitetezo cha turbine ya nthunzi ndi gawo lonse lamagetsi otenthetsera silinganyalanyazidwe.Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha makulitsidwe, dera la gawo loyamba la nozzle ya kuthamanga kwakukulu lidzachepetsedwa ndi 10%, ndipo zotsatira za unit zidzachepetsedwa ndi 3%.Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja zolimba zakunja kugunda tsamba komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakokera tsambalo, sitejiyo imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 1% ~ 3% kutengera kuuma kwake;Tsamba likasweka, zotsatira zake ndi izi: kugwedezeka kopepuka kwa chipangizocho, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komanso kosasunthika kwa njira yodutsa, komanso kutayika kwachangu;Pazifukwa zazikulu, kutsekeka mokakamiza kumatha kuchitika.Nthawi zina, zimatenga milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo kusintha masamba kapena kukonza ma rotor owonongeka ndi ma stator;Nthawi zina, kuwonongeka kwa tsamba sikupezeka kapena kusamalidwa munthawi yake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ngoziyo ipitirire kugawo lonse kapena kugwedezeka kosakwanira kwa chipangizocho chifukwa cha kusweka kwa tsamba lomaliza, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa gawo lonse. unit, ndipo kuwonongeka kwachuma kudzakhala mu mazana a mamiliyoni.Zitsanzo zoterezi sizosowa kunyumba ndi kunja.

Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pazaka zambiri zatsimikizira kuti nthawi zonse ma turbines ambiri atsopano akayamba kugwira ntchito kapena mphamvu yamagetsi ikakhala yosakwanira ndipo ma turbines akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali mopatuka ndi momwe amapangidwira, kulephera kwa tsamba. kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mapangidwe olakwika, kupanga, kukhazikitsa, kukonza ndi kugwira ntchito kudzawonetsedwa bwino.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mphamvu yoyika ma turbines akuluakulu a nthunzi m'malo opangira magetsi ku China yakula mofulumira kwa zaka zoposa 10, ndipo mkhalidwe watsopano wa nthawi yayitali yochepetsera katundu wamagulu akuluakulu m'madera ena wayamba kuonekera.Choncho, m'pofunika kufufuza, kusanthula ndi kufotokoza mwachidule mitundu yonse ya kuwonongeka kwa masamba, makamaka siteji yotsiriza ndi zowongolera siteji masamba, ndi kupeza malamulo, kuti akonze njira zodzitetezera ndi kusintha kupewa zotayika zazikulu.